Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder where thyroid gland begins to produce thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins at an abnormal rate. These TSi’s bind to a Thyotropic receptor, which mimics the TSH to that receptor and results in the secretion of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine and, due to the hypothalamus-pituatary-thyroid negative feedback loop being functional, leads to the decrease of TSH levels in the blood. This results in high levels of thyroid hormones circulating in the blood, with the coupled effect of the negative feedback regulation not working for the thyroid gland
Whilst unknown, this disease has some probable genetic cause and has some relationship to a person's origin; with people from a tropical climate with low amounts of iodine in the soil being more susceptible to this disorder. This is shown by the fact that, for every 8 people infected with the disease, only 1 of which are males. The remaining 7 are females ages between 30 and 50 years of age and have no attainable genetic factor that could cause the disease. Grave's disease have a variety of symptoms such as thin and brittle hair, increased neck size (also known as goiter), hand tremors, change in eye color and appearance, red skin and irritability. The symptoms include light/infrequent periods, sleeping trouble, infertility heat sensitivity and frequent bowel movements